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Common Depression Subtypes:

抑鬱症常見種類：

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• Persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)

       輕鬱症

• Recurrent Depression

       復發性抑鬱症

• Psychotic Depression

       精神病性抑鬱症

• Atypical Depression

       非典型抑鬱症

• Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

       侵擾性情緒失調症

• Seasonal Affective Disorder

       季節性抑鬱症

• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

       經前期不悅症

• Postpartum Disorder

       產後抑鬱症

• Bipolar Disorder

       躁狂抑鬱症

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Depression in Hong Kong:

抑鬱症在香港的情況：

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• In 2018, 68.5 % of Hong Kong university students showed mild to severe depressive symptoms, 9% of which showed moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms 

       2018年，68.5% 香港大學生反映有輕微至嚴重抑鬱症徵狀，當中有9%大學生反映有中度嚴重至嚴重抑鬱症徵狀

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•  In 2019, 48.8% of Hong Kong citizens showed mild to severe depressive symptoms,  7% of which showed moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms

       2019年，48.8% 香港市民反映有輕微至嚴重抑鬱症徵狀，當中有7%香港市民反映有中度嚴重至嚴重抑鬱症徵狀

 

Prevention and Common Treatments for Depression:

抑鬱症的預防及常見治療方法：

 

1. Medication 藥物

• Antidepressants

       抗抑鬱藥

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most used nowadays E.g., Fluoxetine

       現時最常用的藥物為 選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑 ​(如：氟西汀)

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2. Cognitive-behavioral therapy 認知行為療法:

• A type of talking therapy

      是一種以對話為主的療法

• Focus on irrational beliefs that affect feelings and behaviors

       集中於會影響情緒和行為的不合理想法

• Set and implement behavioral modification plan to solve problems

       設計及實行改變行為的計劃以解決問題

 

3. Electroconvulsive therapy 電痙攣療法

• Applies electricity to induce seizure activity

       這種療法以電擊引致痙孿

• Tackle neurobiological features of MDD

       針對重鬱症的神經科學症狀

 

4. Interpersonal Therapy 人際關系療法

• Focus on one or two problem areas

       主要集中於一至兩個問題領域

• Address the patient's past and present social roles and interpersonal interactions

       處理患者於過去及現在的社會角色和人際互動

• Examines social relationships with important people in your life

       審視和生活中重要的人的關係

 

5. Adjustingife Style 調整生活方式

• Healthy diet

       均衡飲食

• Regular exercise

       恆常運動

• Regular self-care activities, e.g., yoga, meditation, etc.

       定期進行自我照顧活動，例如：瑜珈、冥想等

• Sufficient Sleep

       充足睡眠

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Stigmatization of Depression

抑鬱症污名化

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Depression stigmatization is the behavior of marking or discrediting patients of depression or reducing an individual with depression from being a whole person to being a stereotype or labeled as a collection of symptoms. Major types of depression stigma include self-stigma, public stigma, and institutional stigma.

抑鬱症污名化，是指對抑鬱症患者進行標記或抹黑，又或是以刻板印象、病徵替抑鬱症患者貼上標籤，認定他們是擁有某些特質的族群。抑鬱症污名的主要類別包括：自我污名、公眾污名以及結構性污名。

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